Subliminal Channels of CRYSTALS-Kyber Applicable in the Black Box Cryptographic Module and Potential Security Threats of IP Cameras 


Vol. 48,  No. 6, pp. 630-647, Jun.  2023
10.7840/kics.2023.48.6.630


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  Abstract

Subliminal channel is the concept pointed out in the US-Soviet Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, and refers to a cryptographic system in which a particular individual is likely to obtain information without anyone knowing. Later, Young and Yung invented the concept of SETUP(Secretly Embedded Trapdoor with Universal Protection), a type of Subliminal channel. Attacks by SETUP can be a sufficient threat in reality. In this paper, we show that SETUP can be formed in the initial model of CRYSTALS-Kyber, the winner of the NIST’s PQC(Post-Quantum Cryptography) Standardization process. We form SETUP of CRYSTALS-Kyber by using the X25519 key exchange protocol in order to improve the attacker's exclusive attack capability. Next,we demonstrate that an attacker can extract a user's private key where the CRYSTALS-Kyber generated by SETUP is used for cryptographic communication between IP cameras and smartphones. Finally, we consider countermeasures to prevent our SETUP in terms of algorithmic design principle and security policy.

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[IEEE Style]

Y. Choi, Y. Yeom, J. Kang, "Subliminal Channels of CRYSTALS-Kyber Applicable in the Black Box Cryptographic Module and Potential Security Threats of IP Cameras," The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 630-647, 2023. DOI: 10.7840/kics.2023.48.6.630.

[ACM Style]

Youngrak Choi, Yongjin Yeom, and Ju-Sung Kang. 2023. Subliminal Channels of CRYSTALS-Kyber Applicable in the Black Box Cryptographic Module and Potential Security Threats of IP Cameras. The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences, 48, 6, (2023), 630-647. DOI: 10.7840/kics.2023.48.6.630.

[KICS Style]

Youngrak Choi, Yongjin Yeom, Ju-Sung Kang, "Subliminal Channels of CRYSTALS-Kyber Applicable in the Black Box Cryptographic Module and Potential Security Threats of IP Cameras," The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 630-647, 6. 2023. (https://doi.org/10.7840/kics.2023.48.6.630)
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pISSN : 1226 - 4717
eISSN : 2287 - 3880